Sixty years of research on bracken fern (Pteridium spp.) toxins ...
2024年9月15日 — Bracken fern spores have been recorded in significant quantities during the final stages of the last glaciation (15,000–12,000 years ago) from widely separated locations suggesting multiple glacial refugia. By 9000 years ago, the largest populations were recorded at Atlantic coastal sites where forest cover was thin.
Bracken - Wikipedia
Bracken (Pteridium) is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants that have alternating generations, large plants that produce spores and small plants that produce sex cells (eggs and sperm). Brackens are noted for their large, highly divided leaves.
Western Brackenfern - USU
Flowers: Young bracken fern plants produce spores by the end of the third or fourth growing season. A single, fertile frond can produce 300,000,000 spores annually. Spore production varies from year to year depending on plant age, frond development, weather, and light exposure. Production decreases with increasing shade.
Fern Reproduction - US Forest Service
Many ferns spread this way, including oak fern, beech fern, ostrich fern, bracken fern, and common horsetail. Spores of sword ferns (Polystichum) are germinating in special containers under controlled lighting, temperature and moisture conditions.
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) - British Plants - Woodland Trust
Bracken is the largest of our native ferns. It’s actually a ‘Pteridophyte’ which means that though it has vascular tissue like other plants, it reproduces by spores rather than seeds. Leaves/fronds: large, green, with triangular fronds which are divided and alternate down the stem.
Pteridium aquilinum - Wikipedia
Pteridium aquilinum, commonly called bracken, brake, pasture brake, common bracken, and also known as eagle fern, is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. Originally native to Eurasia and North America, the extreme lightness of its spores has led to it achieving a cosmopolitan distribution.
Pteridium aquilinum - US Forest Service
Sufficient moisture and shelter from wind are important factors in fern spore germination . Western brackenfern spore germination appears to require soil sterilized by fire [ 37 , 186 ]. On unsterilized soils spores may germinate, but the new plants are quickly overwhelmed by other growth [ 37 ].
As bracken is a true fern it does not produce flowers or seeds, but instead produces spores in bodies called ‘sori’, which occur in a continuous line on the undersides of the fronds. The spores are minute. Bracken is a perennial fern, but the fronds emerge in the spring and die off in autumn.
Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the viability and ...
2021年10月15日 — Desiccation conditions and storage temperature are crucial factors for the successful long-term storage of fern spores. This study aimed to determine the optimal desiccation conditions and storage temperatures for the long-term survival of eastern bracken (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) spores.
NSW WeedWise - Department of Primary Industries
Bracken is a fern, so it has fronds rather than leaves and does not produce flowers or seeds. Ferns grow from spores which are produced in sori on the underside of the fronds. Established bracken stands usually have a mixture of green and dead fronds.