Adenylyl cyclase creates multiple cyclic AMP molecules, which fan out and activate protein kinases (PKA, in this example). Protein kinases can enter the nucleus and affect transcription.

ENPP1 contributes to establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by blocking the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling, which is critical in ...