After decades of lithium-ion batteries dominating the market, a new option has emerged: batteries made with sodium ions. Scientists have been researching alternatives to lithium for years.

Interestingly, the amount of water in the ICF and ECF is affected by their concentration of electrolytes, especially potassium and sodium. Potassium is the main electrolyte in the ICF, and it ...

Copper hydroxide forms a blue precipitate. The table shows the coloured precipitates formed by five common metal ions in this test.