and nitroglycerin. However, none of these agents are very effective, and none can be called a first-line agent. [89] Since ritodrine was withdrawn from the market, terbutaline is the only ß ...

Medications delivered by such a means include fentanyl transmucosal lozenges, sublingual nitroglycerin, and intranasal DDAVP, and have existed with great clinical success for many years.