The question of putative mechanisms of action continues to haunt psychopharmacology. Put simply, we know these drugs work, but we have very little idea how. We make guesses based on the ...

Figure 1. Mechanism of action of probiotics. 1. Probiotics perform their function by competing with pathogens for nutrients and receptors for binding thereby making their survival and adherence to gut ...

There have been numerous recent advances in the management of glaucoma, not least the development of new drugs to help manage raised intraocular pressure. In addition, the concepts of improving ...

73 A short half-life and significant side effects limit the clinical utility of phentolamine in the general population, but its mechanism of action is ideal for the treatment of cocaine-induced ...

We report a rare case of ciliary body metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the lung. Although the metastatic nodule was seen over the surface of the iris near the angle of anterior chamber, ...

These various mechanisms may be advantageous to clinicians in managing numerous inflammatory and keratotic dermatoses. Topical retinoids have the potential of indirectly reducing the risk of ...