But scientists, starting with Alexander Kowalevsky had reported the presence of single (nonmotile) cilia in a variety of vertebrate cells (Kowalevsky 1867). These solitary and apparently ...

but this requires that all cilia in a tissue orient the same way. Earlier studies indicated that both planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling and cilia-generated fluid flows could influence ciliary ...

Dysfunctions of the tiny cell processes (primary cilia) of the pancreatic beta cells could be a cause of type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the structure and function of these cilia.

the lung cilia beat frequency analysis in vitro assay is the ideal option. Using the physiologically relevant lung small airway epithelial cell (SAEC) model in air-liquid interface (ALI ...