The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein, a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related protein kinase (PIKK) family, has a central role in two growth-regulatory pathways that have ...

High-resolution structures of nascent polypeptide chains in complex with the ribosome — the cell’s protein-synthesis machinery — reveal how the ribosome guides protein folding. Ribosomal ...

HHMI scientists and their colleagues discover a new mechanism of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cell’s molecular machines, responsible for translating genetic information in messenger RNA into ...

Our cells contain thousands of proteins that have gone largely undetected and unstudied until recent years: these are variants of known proteins, which cells can make when their protein-building ...

Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the small and large subunits, each containing specific rRNA molecules. The main types of rRNA include: Small Subunit rRNA: In prokaryotes, the small subunit ...

Ribosomes turn upside-down in hungry cells Scientists have observed that yeast cells have a remarkable adaptation to ...

In a hair follicle cell, a protein called keratin is made. Lots of it. Many ribosomes can be working on a single strand of mRNA at once. Protein synthesis isn't a slow process, either. A protein ...

We call this a complementary copy. The newly formed strand of mRNA is now ready to leave the nucleus and travel to the ribosome. After translation, the polypeptide is finally folded into the ...

Cell membrane, surrounded by cell wall. Cell contents Cytoplasm, cell organelles include mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts in plants. Cytoplasm, ribosomes present; there are no mitochondria ...