Neutron reflectometry is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure and composition of thin films, multilayers, and interfaces at the nanoscale. It involves directing a beam of ...

Diagram of an X-ray Reflectometry (XRR) setup: This schematic shows the arrangement of the X-ray tube, Gӧbel mirror, sample holder, and detector. The X-rays are emitted from the tube, shaped by slits ...

Biomedical optics is a rapidly growing area of research. Although many universities have begun to offer courses on the topic, a textbook containing examples and homework problems has not been ...

26-point patch plot of TSV depth variation across a 300 mm wafer. Image Credit: Bruker Nano Surfaces and Metrology Standard reflectometry techniques employ a highly concentrated laser beam to achieve ...