This stage does not require oxygen. If oxygen is available to the cell then the pyruvate molecules can be further broken down in stage two to release more energy and produce a greater quantity of ATP.

Furthermore, creatine treatment upregulated genes encoding nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), catalase ... endothelial growth ...

This ingredient acts as a cofactor for various enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as glucokinase and pyruvate carboxylase ... and fatty acid synthase, which are responsible for ...