Parameter CKD stage 1–2 CKD stage 3a CKD stage 3b–4–5 Prevalence of frailty; % (standard error) 5.94(0.99) 10.74(2.36) 20.90 (3.44) Odds ratio (59% CI) 2.21 (1.49–3.28) 2.48 (1.57–3.93 ...

CKD stage 3a or worse (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months) and stage 3b or worse (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months). The main analysis included patients with any level of ...

However, one study showed that three months of folic acid supplementation in people with CKD stages 3a and 3b reduced oxidative stress. Vitamin B6 supplementation in people with normal or high ...

Diabetic nephropathy has five stages that describe the progression of the disease from least to most severe. Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is a slowly progressing ...